Leisure-Time Physical Activity in a Southern Brazilian City (2004-2021): Applying an Equity Lens to Time-Trend Analyses.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to verify leisure-time physical activity trends over 15 years and monitor inequalities according to gender, self-reported skin color, and socioeconomic position in a Southern Brazilian city. A secondary aim is to evaluate intersectionalities in physical activity. METHODS: Trend analysis using 3 population-based surveys carried out in 2004, 2010, and 2021. Main outcome assessed was the prevalence of physical activity according to recommendations (150 min/wk). Inequalities dimensions measured were sex, self-reported skin color, and wealth. Intersectionalities were evaluated using Jeopardy index combining all inequality dimensions. Trend analysis was performed using least-squares weighted regression. RESULTS: We included data from 3090, 2656, and 5696 adults in 2004, 2010, and 2021, respectively. Prevalence of physical activity remains stable around 25% in the 3 years. In the 3 periods evaluated, men presented a prevalence in average 10 percentage points higher than women (SII2004 = -11.1 [95% confidence interval, CI, -14.4 to -7.8], SII2021 = -10.7 [95% CI, -13.7 to -7.7]). Skin color inequalities did not present a clear pattern. Richest individuals, in general presented a prevalence of leisure-time physical activity level 20pp higher than poorest ones (SII2004 = 20.5 [95% CI, 13.7 to 27.4]; SII2021 = 16.7 [95% CI, 11.3 to 22.0]). Inequalities were widely marked, comparing the most privileged group (represented by men, the wealthiest, and White) and the most socially vulnerable group (represented by women, the poorest, and Black/Brown). The Slope Index of Inequality for intersectionalities was -24.5 (95% CI, -31.1 to -17.9) in 2004 and -18.8 in 2021 (95% CI, -24.2 to -13.4). CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis shows that women, Black/Brown, and poor present lower leisure-time physical activity level. This group is often neglected regarding other health and social outcomes.

Physical activity and health: a historical and conceptual approach / A relação entre atividade física e saúde: uma abordagem histórica e conceitual

This theoretical essay reflects on physical activity (PA) and health and the development of this study area, particularly in Brazil. A historical review is presented based on major research themes in the area since the 1950s and the evolution of PA recommendations for health. Crucial conceptual and operational definitions in the area that have gone through recent updates are addressed. The pa-per highlights relevant institutions and documents, as well as reflects on future perspectives and challenges in the field. Finally, this essay highlights the need to reduce the gap between the robust scientific knowledge already produced about the health benefits of PA and the real action in the field, especially in the primary health care setting

A partir de uma abordagem histórica, conceitual, crítica e didática, este ensaio teórico propõe uma reflexão sobre a relação entre atividade física (AF) e saúde e o desenvolvimento desta área de estudo, com um olhar especial sobre o Brasil. Apresenta-se revisão histórica a partir de grandes temas de pesquisa na área desde os anos 1950 e da evolução das recomendações de AF para a saúde. São abordadas definições conceituais e operacionais que passaram por atualizações recentes e que são cruciais na área. Faz-se destaque a instituições e documentos relevantes, além de reflexões sobre perspectivas e desafios futuros para a área. Por fim, destaca a necessidade da redução na distância entre a solidez do conhecimento já produzido sobre os benefícios da AF para a saúde e os desejados avanços no contexto da promoção da saúde, em especial na atenção primária à saúde

Modelo Lógico do Programa Tribunal Superior do Trabalho em Movimento: uma construção de 15 anos de experiência / Logic Model of the Tribunal Superior do Trabalho em Movimento Program: a construction of 15 years of experience

Na perspectiva de promover saúde no local de trabalho, com ênfase na atividade física (AF), em 2004 o Tribunal Superior do Trabalho (TST), em Brasília, Distrito Federal, criou o Programa TST em Movimento. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o modelo lógico (ML) do Programa, a partir de sua construção histórica. O ML foi desenvolvido seguindo as diretrizes do Centers of Disease Control and Prevention, descrevendo objetivo, recursos, atividades, produtos, metas, fatores influenciadores e público-alvo. Sua construção incluiu a análise de documentos do Programa, como o relatório de resultados de 2019. O Programa é composto por profissionais de educação física, fisioterapia e estagiários, oferecendo atividades como educação em saúde, práticas de AF, eventos e monitoramento de indicadores em saúde. O ML apresentado é fruto de 15 anos de experiência e passa a compor os processos avaliativos e o acompanhamento das metas, iluminando a sustentabilidade do Programa em bases sólidas

From the perspective of promoting health in the workplace, with an emphasis on physical activity (PA), in 2004 the Tribunal Superior do Trabalho (TST), in Brasília, Distrito Federal, created the TST em Mo­vimento Program. The aim of this study was to describe the logical model (LM) of the Program, based on its historical construction. The LM was developed following the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention guidelines, describing objective, resources, activities, products, goals, influencing factors, and target audience. Its construction included the analysis of Program documents, such as the 2019 results report. The Program is composed of physical education professionals, physiotherapy, and trainees, offering activities such as health education, PA practices, events, and monitoring of health indicators. The LM presented is the result of 15 years of experience and becomes part of the evaluation processes and monitoring of goals, illuminating the Program's sustainability on solid foundations

[Food intake according to the type of food consumed in schools in a rural area in southern Brazil]. / Consumo alimentar conforme o tipo de alimentação consumida em escolas de zona rural no Sul do Brasil.

The scope of the article was to evaluate food consumption according to the type of food consumed in rural schools. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among adolescents enrolled in 12 rural public schools in Canguçu in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The research was linked to the intervention named "Physical Education +: Practicing Health in School." Dietary intake was evaluated using consumption markers from the Brazilian Food and Nutrition Surveillance System. The main independent variable was the type of food consumed at school (brought from home, provided by the school free of charge and/or purchased at school). Descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test were used and the significance level was p<0.05. The study enlisted 526 students, 51.3% female and 88.0% consuming food free of charge. From 15% to 31% of adolescents consumed foods considered unhealthy for more than three days in the preceding week. Students who reported taking a snack to school consumed raw salad, fresh fruit or fruit salad, biscuits/crackers and packet snacks and soft drinks more frequently. It was concluded that the consumption of healthy foods among schoolchildren in rural areas was low and interventions are needed to improve the current situation of inadequate feeding practices.

Objetivou-se avaliar o consumo alimentar de escolares conforme o tipo de alimentação consumida em escolas de zona rural. Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado com adolescentes de 12 escolas públicas rurais de Canguçu/RS. A investigação está vinculada à intervenção "Educação Física +: Praticando Saúde na Escola". O consumo alimentar foi avaliado pelos marcadores do Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional. A variável independente principal foi o tipo de alimentação consumida (trazida de casa, fornecida gratuitamente e/ou comprada na escola). Foi utilizada a estatística descritiva e o teste de Qui-quadrado com nível de significância de p < 0,05. Participaram do estudo 526 escolares, 51,3% do sexo feminino e 88,0% que consumiram a alimentação gratuita. Entre 15-31% dos adolescentes consumiram mais de três dias na semana anterior alimentos considerados não saudáveis. Os escolares que relataram levar lanche de casa para a escola consumiram com maior frequência salada crua, frutas frescas ou salada de frutas, bolachas/biscoitos salgados e salgadinhos de pacote e refrigerante. Concluiu-se que o consumo de alimentos saudáveis entre os escolares da zona rural foi baixo e intervenções são necessárias a fim de melhorar o quadro atual de práticas inadequadas de alimentação.

Consumo alimentar conforme o tipo de alimentação consumida em escolas de zona rural no Sul do Brasil / Food intake according to the type of food consumed in schools in a rural area in southern Brazil

Resumo Objetivou-se avaliar o consumo alimentar de escolares conforme o tipo de alimentação consumida em escolas de zona rural. Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado com adolescentes de 12 escolas públicas rurais de Canguçu/RS. A investigação está vinculada à intervenção "Educação Física +: Praticando Saúde na Escola". O consumo alimentar foi avaliado pelos marcadores do Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional. A variável independente principal foi o tipo de alimentação consumida (trazida de casa, fornecida gratuitamente e/ou comprada na escola). Foi utilizada a estatística descritiva e o teste de Qui-quadrado com nível de significância de p < 0,05. Participaram do estudo 526 escolares, 51,3% do sexo feminino e 88,0% que consumiram a alimentação gratuita. Entre 15-31% dos adolescentes consumiram mais de três dias na semana anterior alimentos considerados não saudáveis. Os escolares que relataram levar lanche de casa para a escola consumiram com maior frequência salada crua, frutas frescas ou salada de frutas, bolachas/biscoitos salgados e salgadinhos de pacote e refrigerante. Concluiu-se que o consumo de alimentos saudáveis entre os escolares da zona rural foi baixo e intervenções são necessárias a fim de melhorar o quadro atual de práticas inadequadas de alimentação.

Abstract The scope of the article was to evaluate food consumption according to the type of food consumed in rural schools. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among adolescents enrolled in 12 rural public schools in Canguçu in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The research was linked to the intervention named "Physical Education +: Practicing Health in School." Dietary intake was evaluated using consumption markers from the Brazilian Food and Nutrition Surveillance System. The main independent variable was the type of food consumed at school (brought from home, provided by the school free of charge and/or purchased at school). Descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test were used and the significance level was p<0.05. The study enlisted 526 students, 51.3% female and 88.0% consuming food free of charge. From 15% to 31% of adolescents consumed foods considered unhealthy for more than three days in the preceding week. Students who reported taking a snack to school consumed raw salad, fresh fruit or fruit salad, biscuits/crackers and packet snacks and soft drinks more frequently. It was concluded that the consumption of healthy foods among schoolchildren in rural areas was low and interventions are needed to improve the current situation of inadequate feeding practices.

Projeto ef+: implicações pedagógicas e nível de conhecimento sobre saúde / Ef+ intervention project: pedagogical implications and level of knowledge about health

RESUMO Objetivou-se verificar o impacto da intervenção "Educação Física+: Praticando Saúde na Escola", sobre as práticas docentes e conhecimento em saúde de escolares da cidade de Canguçu/RS. Quinze escolas participaram do estudo (grupo 1- escolas que aderiram à intervenção no ano de 2011; grupo 2- escolas que aderiam à intervenção a partir do ano de 2012). O estudo teve duração de dois anos com 883 escolares e 13 professores. Houve aumento do nível de conhecimento dos escolares no pós-intervenção (p<0,001), com maiores médias no grupo 1; encontrou-se tendência de aumento do nível de conhecimento de acordo com o número de planos de aula desenvolvidos pelos professores (p<0,001). Dos professores entrevistados (n=13), a maioria aderiu às atividades propostas (n=8) e percebeu mudanças positivas, principalmente por parte dos alunos, que passaram a realizar mais questionamentos acerca da temática em sala de aula e levar tais conhecimentos para seus familiares. Quase a totalidade dos docentes que aderiram à proposta não relatou dificuldade em desenvolver os planos (n=7). Concluiu-se que uma intervenção de curto prazo melhorou o nível de conhecimento de escolares acerca da temática saúde e atividade física e apresentou impactos positivos na prática profissional dos docentes entrevistados.

ABSTRACT The objective was to verify the impact of "Educação Física+: Praticando Saúde na Escola" intervention on teaching practices and health knowledge of schoolchildren from Canguçu city, southern Brazil. Fifteen schools participated in the study (group 1: schools that joined the intervention in the year of 2011; group 2: schools that joined the intervention in the year of 2012). This study was carried out by two years with 883 schoolchildren and 13 teachers. The schollchildren knowledge of health was improved in the post-intervention (p<0.001), with higher scores in group 1. It was found tendency to increase the level of knowledge according to the number of lesson plans developed by teachers (p<0.001). Of the teachers interviewed (n= 13), most adhered to the activities proposed (n = 8) and perceived positive changes, specially in the students, who questioned more about the subject in the classrom and bring these knowledge to their parents. Almost all teachers who adhered to the intervention did not report difficulties to develop the lessons plans (n=7). It was concluded that a short-term intervention improved the schoolchildren level of knowledge on physical activity and health and presented positive impacts on teachers professional practice.

O ensino do esporte através do jogo: análise, possibilidades e desafios na educação física escolar / Teaching sports through game practice: analysis, possibilities and challenges in physical education / La enseñanza del deporte por medio del juego: análisis, posibilidades y retos en la educación física escolar

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a utilização do jogo como ferramenta metodológica para o ensino do esporte na Educação Física escolar. Professores vinculados às redes municipal e estadual atuantes na cidade de Pelotas(RS)(N=54) responderam um questionário que abor-dou a metodologia preferencial para o ensino das modalidades esportivas coletivas. A partir destes, foram identificados seis docentes cuja intervenção tinha características de ensino do esporte pautado pelo jogo. Estes foram selecionados, sendo suas aulas de Educação Física observadas e analisadas. Os resultados mostraram a factibilidade da utilização de diferentes estruturas de jogo na iniciação às modalidades coletivas envolvidas no ambiente escolar, apesar das limitações estruturais identificadas, como espaço físico e disponibilidade de materiais (AU).

The aim of this study was to analyze the use of the game as a methodological tool for the teaching of sports in Physical Education. Teachers linked to the state and municipal education working in the city of Pelotas ­Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil)(N=54) answered a questionnaire addressing the preferred methodology for the teaching of collective sports. The analysis of this article was restricted to observation of physical education classes of six teachers who characterized their approach based on the game practice. The results showed the feasibility of using different structures of games in the initiation of the collective modalities involved in the school environment, despite the structural constraints which were identified, such as space and availability of materials (AU).

El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la utilización del juegocomo una herramienta metodoló-gica para la enseñanza del deporte en la Educación Física escolar. Profesores vinculados a las redes municipal y estatal, que actúan en la ciudad de Pelotas-RS (N=54), respondieronun cuestionario que se centró en la metodología preferencial para la enseñanza de las modalida-des deportivas colectivas. A partir de eso, se identificaron seis maestros, cuya intervención profesional tenía características de enseñanza dirigida por el juego.Las clases de esos maes-tros de educación física fueron observadas y analizadas. Los resultados mostraron la factibili-dad de la utilización de distintas estructuras de juego en la iniciación a las modalidades colectivas que envuelven el ambiente escolar, a pesar de las restricciones estructurales identifica-das, como espacio físico y disponibilidad de materiales (AU).

Prevalence of sedentary behavior and its correlates among primary and secondary school students / Prevalência de comportamento sedentário de escolares e fatores associados

To determine the students’ exposure to four different sedentary behavior (SB) indicators and their associations with gender, grade, age, economic status and physical activity level. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2013. The SB was collected using the HELENA instrument, composed by screen time questions (TV, video games and internet) and sitting activities on school opposite shift. The cut point of ≥2h/day was used to categorize the outcome. The Poisson regression was used for associations between the outcome and the independent variables (95% significance level), controlling for confounding variables and the possible design effect. Results: The sample was composed by 8661 students. The overall prevalence of SB was 69.2% (CI95% 68.1–70.2) on weekdays, and 79.6% (CI95% 78.7–80.5) on weekends. Females were more associated with the outcome, except to electronic games. Advanced grades students were more involved in sitting tasks when compared to the early grades. Older students were more likely to surf on net for ≥2h/day. Higher economic level students were more likely to engage in video games and internet. Active individuals were less likely to engage in SB on weekdays. Conclusions: The prevalence of SB was high, mainly on weekends. The associations with sex, age, grade and physical activity level should be considered into elaboration of more efficient interventions on SB control.

Determinar a exposição de escolares a quatro indicadores diferentes de comportamento sedentário (CS) e suas associações com gênero, série escolar, idade, condição econômica e nível de atividade física. Métodos: Um estudo transversal foi feito em 2013. Os CS foram obtidos com o instrumento Helena, composto por perguntas sobre tempo de tela (TV, videogames e internet) e atividades na posição sentada na escola em relação ao turno. O ponto de corte de ≥2 horas/dia foi usado para categorizar o desfecho. A regressão de Poisson foi usada para avaliar associações entre o desfecho e as variáveis independentes (nível de significância de 95%) e controlar as variáveis de confusão e o possível efeito do desenho. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 8.661 alunos. A prevalência geral de CS foi de 69,2% (IC95%: 68,1-70,2) em dias de semana e 79,6% (IC95%: 78,7-80,5) nos fins de semana. O sexo feminino mostrou maior associação com o desfecho, exceto para jogos eletrônicos. Estudantes de séries mais avançadas estavam mais envolvidos em tarefas na posição sentada, quando comparados com os das séries iniciais. Os alunos mais velhos eram mais propensos a navegar na internet por mais de duas horas por dia. Estudantes com condição econômica mais elevada eram mais propensos a passar o tempo em videogames e internet. Indivíduos ativos eram menos propensos a se envolver em CS durante a semana. Conclusões: A prevalência da CS foi elevada, principalmente nos fins de semana. As associações com sexo, idade, série escolar e nível de atividade física devem ser consideradas para elaborar intervenções mais eficientes no controle dos CS.

[Prevalence of sedentary behavior and its correlates among primary and secondary school students]. / Prevalência de comportamento sedentário de escolares e fatores associados.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the students' exposure to four different sedentary behavior (SB) indi-cators and their associations with gender, grade, age, economic status and physical activity level. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2013. The SB was collected using the HELENA instrument, composed by screen time questions (TV, video games and internet) and sitting activ-ities on school opposite shift. The cut point of ≥2h/day was used to categorize the outcome. The Poisson regression was used for associations between the outcome and the independent variables (95% significance level), controlling for confounding variables and the possible design effect. RESULTS: The sample was composed by 8661 students. The overall prevalence of SB was 69.2% (CI95% 68.1-70.2) on weekdays, and 79.6% (CI95% 78.7-80.5) on weekends. Females were more associated with the outcome, except to electronic games. Advanced grades students were more involved in sitting tasks when compared to the early grades. Older students were more likely to surf on net for ≥2h/day. Higher economic level students were more likely to engage in video games and internet. Active individuals were less likely to engage in SB on weekdays. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of SB was high, mainly on weekends. The associations with sex, age, grade and physical activity level should be considered into elaboration of more efficient interventions on SB control.

Tracking of physical activity during adolescence: the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort, Brazil / Atividade física ao longo da adolescência: Coorte de Nascimentos de Pelotas de 1993

OBJECTIVE To analyze physical activity during adolescence in participants of the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study, Brazil. METHODS Data on leisure time physical activity at 11, 15, and 18 years of age were analyzed. At each visit, a cut-off point of 300 min/week was used to classify adolescents as active or inactive. A total of 3,736 participants provided data on physical activity at each of the three age points. RESULTS A significant decline in the proportion of active adolescents was observed from 11 to 18 years of age, particularly among girls (from 32.9% to 21.7%). The proportions of girls and boys who were active at all three age points were 28.0% and 55.1%, respectively. After adjustment for sex, economic status, and skin color, participants who were active at 11 and 15 years of age were 58.0% more likely to be active at 18 years of age compared with those who were inactive at 11 and 15 years of age. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity declined during adolescence and inactivity tended to track over time. Our findings reinforce the need to promote physical activity at early stages of life, because active behavior established early tends to be maintained over time. .

OBJETIVO Analisar a participação em atividade física ao longo da adolescência na coorte de 1993 de Pelotas. MÉTODOS Estudo de coorte composta pelas crianças nascidas em Pelotas, RS, em 1993. Foram analisadas as informações sobre a prática de atividades físicas no lazer aos 11, 15 e 18 anos de idade. O ponto de corte de 300 min foi usado para classificar os adolescentes como ativos em cada período. Um total de 3.736 indivíduos forneceu dados sobre atividades físicas realizadas nos três momentos estudados. RESULTADOS Declínio significativo na proporção de adolescentes ativos foi observado entre 11 e 18 anos, especialmente entre as meninas (32,9% para 21,7%). A proporção de meninas e meninos ativos nos três momentos foi de 28,0% e 55,1%, respectivamente. Após ajuste por sexo, nível econômico e cor da pele, os indivíduos ativos aos 11 e 15 anos, quando comparados àqueles inativos nessa faixa etária, foram 58,0% mais prováveis de serem ativos aos 18 anos. CONCLUSÕES A prática de atividade física diminuiu entre os ١١ e ١٨ anos de idade e o comportamento inativo tendeu a se manter ao longo do período.Os resultados obtidos reforçam a importância de promover a atividade física nos estágios iniciais da adolescência, pois esse comportamento tende a ser mantido ao longo do tempo. .

[Factors associated with the consumption of high-fat foods among adults in a Southern Brazilian city]. / Fatores associados ao consumo de dietas ricas em gordura em adultos de uma cidade no sul do Brasil.

The scope of this study was to describe the frequency of consumption of high-fat foods among adults aged 20 to 69 years and to identify associated factors. A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 972 adults in Pelotas, Southern Brazil. The consumption of high-fat foods in the previous twelve months was evaluated using the Block questionnaire comprising fifteen food items scored according to the frequency of consumption of high-fat foods. Approximately one in every three adults (32.7%) reported the regular consumption of high-fat diets. Among individuals of both sexes, the regular consumption of fat was associated with younger ages and the regular intake of non-diet soft drinks, and only for men, to the A/B economic levels. The conclusion reached is that the consumption of high-fat food among adults is above current Ministry of Health recommendations. Interventions aimed at stimulating healthy diets are urgently needed.

Prevalência e fatores associados à ocorrência de lesões durante a prática de atividade física / Prevalence and factors associated with injuries during leisure-time physical activity practice / Prevalencia y factores asociados a la ocurrencia de lesiones durante la práctica de la actividad física

INTRODUÇÃO: Embora estudos demonstrem a importância da atividade física na prevenção e manutenção de um padrão de vida saudável, a prática pode determinar um aumento no risco da ocorrência de lesões entre aqueles praticantes de atividades desportivas. OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência e os fatores associados à ocorrência de lesões durante a prática de atividade física no tempo de lazer na cidade de Pelotas, RS, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal de base populacional realizado na área urbana do município de Pelotas, RS, Brasil. Uma amostra levando em consideração os diversos conglomerados foi selecionada. Características sociodemográficas, econômicas, comportamentais, nutricionais e relacionadas à ocorrência de lesões durante a prática de atividade física foram coletadas por meio de questionário padronizado e pré-codificado. RESULTADOS: O percentual de lesões em sujeitos praticantes de atividade física no lazer foi de 21,9% (IC95% 18,3 - 25,9). As lesões mais prevalentes foram contusões (39,6%), luxações (30,2%) e distensões (11,3%) e a prática de futebol e musculação foram as atividades onde mais ocorreram lesões. As lesões estiveram associadas ao sexo masculino, idades mais jovens e a indivíduos de cor da pele preta e parda. CONCLUSÃO: Embora a prevalência de lesões entre praticantes seja importante, os benefícios decorrentes de um estilo de vida ativo superam os riscos. .

INTRODUCTION: Although studies show the importance of physical activity in prevention and maintaining a healthy standard of living, its practice can determine an increased risk of occurrence of injuries among people who practice sports activities. OBJECTIVE: Determine the prevalence and factors associated with injuries during leisure-time physical activity practice in the city of Pelotas, RS, Brazil. METHODS: Population-based cross-sectional study conducted in the urban area of Pelotas, southern Brazil. A sample taking into account the different clusters was selected. Sociodemographic, economic, behavioral, nutritional and physical activity injury related characteristics were collected using a standardized and pre-coded questionnaire. RESULTS: The prevalence of injuries in subjects physically active during leisure time was 21.9% (CI95% 18.3 - 25.9). The most prevalent injuries were contusions (39.6%), dislocations (30.2%) and sprains (11.3%) and soccer practice and weightlifting were activities where more injuries occurred. The injuries were associated with male gender, younger age and black and mixed race. CONCLUSION: Although the prevalence of injuries among practitioners is important, the benefits of an active lifestyle outweigh the risks. .

INTRODUCCIÓN: Aunque estudios demuestren la importancia de la actividad física en la prevención y mantenimiento de un estándar de vida saludable, la práctica puede determinar un aumento en el riesgo de la ocurrencia de lesiones entre aquellos practicantes de actividades deportivas. OBJETIVO: Determinar la prevalencia y los factores asociados a la ocurrencia de lesiones durante la práctica de actividad física en el tiempo libre en la ciudad de Pelotas, RS, Brazil. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal de base poblacional realizado en el área urbana del municipio de Pelotas, RS, Brazil. Fue seleccionada una muestra llevando en consideración los diversos conglomerados. Fueron colectadas características sociodemográficas, económicas, comportamentales, nutricionales y relacionadas a la ocurrencia de lesiones durante la práctica de actividad física por medio de cuestionario estandarizado e precodificado. RESULTADOS: El porcentual de lesiones en sujetos practicantes de actividad física en su tiempo libre fue de 21,9% (IC95% 18,3 - 25,9). Las lesiones más prevalentes fueron contusiones (39,6%), luxaciones (30,2%) y distensiones (11,3%) y la práctica de fútbol y musculación fueron las actividades en donde más ocurrieron lesiones. Las lesiones estuvieron asociadas al sexo masculino, edades más jóvenes y a individuos con color de piel negra y parda. CONCLUSIÓN: Aunque la prevalencia de lesiones entre practicantes sea importante, los beneficios provenientes de un estilo de vida activo superan los riesgos. .

Fatores associados ao consumo de dietas ricas em gordura em adultos de uma cidade no sul do Brasil / Factors associated with the consumption of high-fat foods among adults in a Southern Brazilian city

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a frequência de consumo de dieta rica em gordura por adultos de 20 a 69 anos de Pelotas, RS, e analisar fatores associados. Foi realizado um estudo transversal de base populacional, incluindo 972 adultos. A frequência do consumo de gordura alimentar no ano anterior à pesquisa foi avaliada pelo questionário de Block, composto por quinze itens alimentares, pontuados de acordo com a frequência de consumo de alimentos com elevados teores de gordura. Cerca de 1/3 da população adulta (32,7%) consumia regularmente dieta rica em gordura. Para ambos os sexos, o consumo regular de gordura mostrou-se associado a idades mais jovens e consumo regular de refrigerantes e, somente para homens, aos níveis econômicos A/B. A frequência do consumo regular de alimentos ricos em gordura na população adulta residente no município de Pelotas encontra-se além das recomendações atuais do Ministério da Saúde. Políticas públicas que estimulem uma alimentação saudável são urgentemente necessárias.

The scope of this study was to describe the frequency of consumption of high-fat foods among adults aged 20 to 69 years and to identify associated factors. A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 972 adults in Pelotas, Southern Brazil. The consumption of high-fat foods in the previous twelve months was evaluated using the Block questionnaire comprising fifteen food items scored according to the frequency of consumption of high-fat foods. Approximately one in every three adults (32.7%) reported the regular consumption of high-fat diets. Among individuals of both sexes, the regular consumption of fat was associated with younger ages and the regular intake of non-diet soft drinks, and only for men, to the A/B economic levels. The conclusion reached is that the consumption of high-fat food among adults is above current Ministry of Health recommendations. Interventions aimed at stimulating healthy diets are urgently needed.

Tracking of physical activity during adolescence: the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort, Brazil.

OBJECTIVE To analyze physical activity during adolescence in participants of the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study, Brazil. METHODS Data on leisure time physical activity at 11, 15, and 18 years of age were analyzed. At each visit, a cut-off point of 300 min/week was used to classify adolescents as active or inactive. A total of 3,736 participants provided data on physical activity at each of the three age points. RESULTS A significant decline in the proportion of active adolescents was observed from 11 to 18 years of age, particularly among girls (from 32.9% to 21.7%). The proportions of girls and boys who were active at all three age points were 28.0% and 55.1%, respectively. After adjustment for sex, economic status, and skin color, participants who were active at 11 and 15 years of age were 58.0% more likely to be active at 18 years of age compared with those who were inactive at 11 and 15 years of age. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity declined during adolescence and inactivity tended to track over time. Our findings reinforce the need to promote physical activity at early stages of life, because active behavior established early tends to be maintained over time.

Trends in leisure-time physical activity in a southern Brazilian city: 2003-2010.

BACKGROUND: Most of physical activity surveillance data are derived from high-income countries. The aim of the current study was to report time trends in leisure-time physical activity. METHODS: Population-based surveys were conducted in the city of Pelotas, Brazil in 2003 and 2010, including individuals aged 20+ years. Physical activity was assessed using the leisure-time section of the long version of the IPAQ. A cut-off point of 150 min/wk was used in the analyses. Methodologies were virtually identical in both surveys. RESULTS: In 2003, 26.8% (95% CI 24.3; 29.2) of the participants were classified as active in leisure-time, as compared with 24.4% (95% CI 22.6; 26.2) in 2010. The proportion of subjects reporting 0 minutes per week of walking, moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity practice also did not vary between 2003 and 2010. However, the proportion of active adults decreased from 39.9% (95% CI 33.0; 42.7) in 2003 to 29.7% (95% CI 24.9; 34.5) in 2010 among high-income participants. Males were more active than females in both surveys. CONCLUSIONS: Leisure-time physical activity is stable among adults living in the South of Brazil, but high-income participants are becoming less active over time. Scaling up effective and promising physical activity interventions is urgently needed in Brazil.

Leisure-time physical activity and social support among Brazilian adults.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the association between family and friends' social support and leisure-time physical activity (PA) in adults. METHODS: Cross-sectional population-based study, conducted in Pelotas, Brazil. Leisure-time PA was measured with the long version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Those who reported PA practice ≥ 150 minutes on the week before the interview were considered active. Social support was evaluated through the Social Support Scale for PA and classified according to the type of PA. For analyzing the association between social support and PA, Poisson regression model was used. Analyses were stratified by sex and interactions with socioeconomic level and age were explored. RESULTS: Men and women who received social support from family and friends simultaneously were about 3 times more active than their counterparts. Friends' social support presented, in all analyses, stronger associations with PA than family support. Interactions with socioeconomic level and age were observed. CONCLUSION: Interventions targeting individuals and their social environment are likely to have greater effectiveness than those targeted on one of these aspects only.

[Smoking and alcohol consumption among university students: prevalence and associated factors]. / Tabagismo e consumo de álcool em estudantes universitários: prevalência e fatores associados.

The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of smoking and alcohol intake among university students from the Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil (UFPel), as well as to investigate factors associated with both habits. The sample included 485 students who were admitted to the university in 2008. Students were sampled randomly across all schools of the UFPel campus, and answered a pre-tested questionnaire, which was administered in the classroom by a member of the research team. Of the individuals interviewed, 53.9% were females and 42.3% were under 20 years. Regarding alcohol intake, 75% used alcohol once a month or less frequently, and the prevalence of risk for abusive alcohol intake was 6.2%. Regarding smoking, 10.2% reported smoking regularly or on weekends. More than 90% of those who smoked or used alcohol started before entering the university. Smoking was directly related to age and inversely related to self-rated health. In terms of alcohol intake, those who lived with friends were more likely to use it. Our data suggest the need for implementing strategies to promote healthy lifestyles among university students. However, the fact that more than 90% of individuals started to smoke or drink before entering the university suggests that interventions should target adolescents as a whole, and not only those who are university students, because onset of smoking and alcohol intake seems to occur at earlier ages.

Tabagismo e consumo de álcool em estudantes universitários: prevalência e fatores associados / Smoking and alcohol consumption among university students: prevalence and associated factors

O presente estudo teve o objetivo de verificar a prevalência de tabagismo e consumo de álcool entre estudantes da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), além de investigar os fatores associados a esses comportamentos. A amostra foi composta por 485 alunos que ingressaram na UFPel em 2008. Os alunos foram selecionados de maneira aleatória entre cursos de todas as áreas da UFPel e responderam a um questionário pré-testado na sala de aula, sob supervisão da equipe de pesquisa. Dos indivíduos entrevistados, 53,9% eram do sexo feminino e 42,3% tinham menos de 20 anos. Em relação ao consumo de álcool, 75% da amostra o utilizam pelo menos uma vez por mês; a prevalência de risco para o alcoolismo foi de 6,2%. Em relação ao tabagismo, 10,2% dos estudantes relataram fumar regularmente ou nos fins-de-semana. Além disso, mais de 90% dos fumantes e dos que consomem bebidas alcoólicas iniciaram o hábito antes de ingressar na universidade. O tabagismo apresentou uma relação direta com a idade e inversa com a autopercepção de saúde. Em relação ao álcool, estudantes que moram com amigos relataram um maior consumo. Os dados sugerem a necessidade de intervenções no meio acadêmico. Entretanto, cabe destacar que as ações para a população adolescente como um todo devam ser priorizadas, pois mais de 90% dos alunos adquiriram os hábitos antes de ingressarem na universidade, demonstrando que o início do consumo está ocorrendo em idades mais precoces.

The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of smoking and alcohol intake among university students from the Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil (UFPel), as well as to investigate factors associated with both habits. The sample included 485 students who were admitted to the university in 2008. Students were sampled randomly across all schools of the UFPel campus, and answered a pre-tested questionnaire, which was administered in the classroom by a member of the research team. Of the individuals interviewed, 53.9% were females and 42.3% were under 20 years. Regarding alcohol intake, 75% used alcohol once a month or less frequently, and the prevalence of risk for abusive alcohol intake was 6.2%. Regarding smoking, 10.2% reported smoking regularly or on weekends. More than 90% of those who smoked or used alcohol started before entering the university. Smoking was directly related to age and inversely related to self-rated health. In terms of alcohol intake, those who lived with friends were more likely to use it. Our data suggest the need for implementing strategies to promote healthy lifestyles among university students. However, the fact that more than 90% of individuals started to smoke or drink before entering the university suggests that interventions should target adolescents as a whole, and not only those who are university students, because onset of smoking and alcohol intake seems to occur at earlier ages.

Association between levels of physical activity and use of medication among older women.

The aim of this study was to determine the association between levels of physical activity and usage of medication in older women. The level of physical activity was assessed using a pedometer. Use of medication was assessed through medical records supplied in reports kept by the Family Health Program, City Health Department, São Caetano do Sul, São Paulo State, Brazil. Regular use of pharmaceuticals, regardless of type of illness or treatment, was listed. Data analysis was performed using Poisson regression to estimate the prevalence ratio. The results of the study indicated that, amongst the 271 eligible women, 84.9% had been classified as active. Only 23.2% did not use any type of medication while 29.8% used three or more medications. The level of physical activity was inversely associated with the number of medications used, under both crude analysis and after adjustment. The study concluded that higher volumes of physical activity were significantly associated with lower usage of pharmaceuticals in women who are involved in a physical activity program.

Association between levels of physical activity and use of medication among older women / Associação entre nível de atividade física e uso de medicamentos entre mulheres idosas

The aim of this study was to determine the association between levels of physical activity and usage of medication in older women. The level of physical activity was assessed using a pedometer. Use of medication was assessed through medical records supplied in reports kept by the Family Health Program, City Health Department, São Caetano do Sul, São Paulo State, Brazil. Regular use of pharmaceuticals, regardless of type of illness or treatment, was listed. Data analysis was performed using Poisson regression to estimate the prevalence ratio. The results of the study indicated that, amongst the 271 eligible women, 84.9 percent had been classified as active. Only 23.2 percent did not use any type of medication while 29.8 percent used three or more medications. The level of physical activity was inversely associated with the number of medications used, under both crude analysis and after adjustment. The study concluded that higher volumes of physical activity were significantly associated with lower usage of pharmaceuticals in women who are involved in a physical activity program.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a associação entre o nível de atividade física e uso de medicamentos em mulheres com 60 anos de idade ou mais. O nível de atividade física foi avaliado utilizando pedômetro. O consumo de medicamento foi avaliado mediante o prontuário de cadastro da Estratégia Saúde da Família em São Caetano do Sul, São Paulo, Brasil. Foram registrados os medicamentos de uso regular independente do tipo da doença ou do tratamento. Foi realizada análise de regressão de Poisson para estimar a razão de prevalências. Das 271 mulheres elegíveis, 84,9 por cento foram classificadas como ativas. Apenas 23,2 por cento não utilizam nenhum tipo de medicamento, enquanto 29,8 por cento utilizaram três ou mais medicamentos. O nível de atividade física foi inversamente associado com o número de medicamentos utilizados tanto na análise bruta como na ajustada. Maiores volumes de atividade física associaram-se significativamente com menor consumo de medicamentos em mulheres envolvidas em um programa de atividade física.